SST HELPER

Q)  What political and constitutional changes did take place in the wake of the French Revolution in 1789 ? Answer: The French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.

 Q)  What is sustainable management of natural resources? Ans)  Due to the gradual increase in the population that results in the increase in demands, it is the need of the hour to ensure sustainable management of the resources for future generations, as the resources are seen to be depleting at an alarming rate. In order to achieve this, one can practice the 3 Rs.  Reduce:  This aims to suggest the reduction in the use of the resources unnecessarily. For example, turning the switches off when not in need to save electricity, and turning the taps off to save water. Reuse:  This aims at suggesting the reusing of things and materials as much as they can be used. For instance, reusing plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away. Recycle:  In this process, the products such as plastic, metal or glass can be recycled and manufactured instead of developing from the start.

Q)  What is sustainable development ? Ans) Sustainable development is the approach of economic development of the future generations without compromising and trading off the environment. This approach is developed and applied because it is often seen that for the sake of economic development, one has to often look over the damage that the environment has to go through in the form of air and water pollution, soil erosion, land degradation, deforestation etc. Therefore, with sustainable development, one aims at promoting development that minimises environmental damage. 

 Q)  How Countries or States are Compared? And Why ? Ans) The income of all the residents of the country is called the income of the country. States and countries cannot be compared by the total income of the country because different countries and states have different sizes of the population. Therefore, Countries or states are always compared by using the Average Income of both. Average income is calculated by : = Total income / Total population This criterion is also used as per World Development Reports by the World Bank for classifying countries into various categories like rich countries or low-level income countries etc.

  Q) “A development for one individual can be destructive for others ”. Explain this statement with two examples. Ans: Here are two examples are: A businessman hires workers, those who are providing them more wages which is a development for workers, but on the other hand, it gives a loss for a businessman as he could have hired 2 or more workers at the same price. Industrialists construct apartments and buildings for his/her personal development and for the nation. These apartments are destructive for farmers as they could have used this land for irrigation.

 Q)  Why do we use averages and what are their limitations ? Provide some examples where the word “average” is used to compare situations. Ans: Averages are used to compare different parameters of the same category, not people. Averages do not provide information about the distribution of a particular thing between people. Example: where the word average is used for comparing situations are: To find out the literacy rates in the country. Height and weight of students in a class with a total number of students. To find the average income of people in the state.

Q)  Why is average income an essential criterion for development? Ans: Average income is the basic criteria because it shows the earning of a person, it also gives a clear idea about the standard of living. The average income will be less if the number of people who are not working is less.

 Q)  What do you mean by development? Write down the aspect of development. Ans: Development is the improvement of citizens' lives in terms of income, lifestyle, etc. Major aspects of development are: Development for anyone can be destructive for others. Different people have different goals in life.

 Q)  Other than income, what are the other factors that are important for our lives? Ans: Important factors for our lives are: Safe environment for women at their workplace. Freedom, respect, treatment, and security. Pollution-free environment. Political rights

 Q)  What is IMR and why is it important? Which state has a high and low infant mortality rate? Ans: IMR is the total number of children that die within 1 year of age as a proportion of 1000 births in a year. This shows the efficiency of health facilities in a country. Madhya Pradesh has a high infant mortality rate of 48 deaths per 1000 live births and Nagaland has a low infant mortality rate of 4 deaths per 1000 live births.

Q)  How can you differentiate different countries or states? Ans) We can differentiate in the following ways:- Income is a key feature to compare countries. Countries that have higher income are called developed countries and vice versa. The income of a country is about the income of the citizens of that country. National income: it is the sum of the total value of the country’s goods and services produced in a year. As every country has a different population rate, so National income cannot be considered to compare between different countries. Per capita income: it is also called average income, defined as a country's total earnings divided by the whole population. It shows the living standard of the citizens of the country. The average income of the country is the ratio of the overall income of the country to the overall population of the country.

 Q)  What is disguised unemployment? Ans: The only facet of the economy that has no bearing on overall output is unemployment. This occurs when productivity is low and there are too many individuals for too few jobs. It can be applied to any group of people who aren't performing at their best. There are three different types of hidden unemployment- Underemployment: People who are looking for full-time work yet are only working part-time. Disabled or Sick: People who are sick or partially disabled people who can work but are only given temporary or no jobs owing to their physical limitations. Not Looking for Work: This includes those who are literate and looking for work but subsequently consider themselves unemployed due to the high unemployment rate.

  Q) What are Different Sectors in Terms of Ownership? Ans) Different sectors in terms of ownership are as follows:- 1. Public Sector:  The government controls most assets and is responsible for all services in the public sector. The public sector's goal isn't only to make money. Its main goal is to benefit the general population. The public sector includes things like railways and post offices. 2. Private Sector: Asset ownership and service delivery are in the hands of private individuals or corporations in the private sector. Profit is the primary motivator for private-sector activity. Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO) and Reliance Industries Limited are two privately held companies (RIL).

  Q) How to Protect Workers in Unorganised Sector? Ans) There is a need for workers in the unorganized sector to be protected and supported. Here are a few pointers to get you started. The government has the authority to set the minimum pay and working hours. Self-employed workers can get low-cost loans from the government. The government can supply these workers with low-cost, accessible fundamental amenities such as education, health care, and food. The government can enact new legislation that allows for overtime, paid leave, and sick leave, among other things.

  Q) What are Different Sectors in Terms of Operations? Ans) Different sectors in terms of operation are :- 1. Organized Sector:  Organized sectors are those that provide fixed and secure employment as well as work for a limited amount of time to their employees based on their motivation and qualifications. These industries adhere to the government's norms and regulations. Employees in the organized sector have job security. 2. Unorganized Sector:  The government seems to have little influence over the unorganized sector. Workers in the unorganized sector do not have the same level of job security as those in the organized sector. Overtime work is not compensated in any way.

  Q) What is MGNREGA? What are the features of MGNREGA? Ans) MGNREGA is Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. Features :- It is primarily used by persons who live in rural areas who are able and willing to work. Every year, the MGNREGA gives at least 100 days of work to rural households that voluntarily volunteer to conduct unskilled work. The MGNREGA scheme is open to any Indian citizen over the age of 18 who lives in a rural area. Another goal of the MGNREGA act is to give rural communities long-term assets such as roads, wells, and ponds. If the government fails to produce jobs, the people will be forced to rely on unemployment benefits. It is implemented without the use of contractors or agents in gram panchayats. This law aids in the preservation of the village environment, the empowerment of rural women, the promotion of social equality, the reduction of migration to urban regions, and the provision of essential services, among other things.

  Q) What are the Different Sectors of the Indian Economy? Explain. And) 1. Primary Sector: The primary sector is when we make a product by extracting and collecting natural resources. Farming, forestry, hunting, fishing, and mining are just a few examples. 2. Secondary Sector: It includes operations that include the transformation of natural goods into new forms through various manufacturing processes. After primary school, it's time to go on to secondary school. In this case, some production steps are required. The industrial sector is another name for it. For example, we spin yarn and make cloth from the plant's cotton fiber. Sugar or Gur is produced using sugarcane as a basic ingredient. 3. Tertiary Sector: Activities that aid in the growth of the elementary and secondary sectors are included in the tertiary sector. These actions do not generate a good in and of itself, but they help or support the production process. It's also known as the service sector. Teachers, d...

  Q) What are Historical Changes in Sectors? And) 1. The primary sector was the most important sector of economic activity in a country throughout its early phases of development. 2. The agriculture sector began to generate significantly more food than before as a result of technological advancements in farming processes. 3. People began working in factories. Some persons are also involved in the transportation industry. 4. The secondary sector gradually became the most important in terms of the economy and employment. 5. A great variety of industries relating to food processing, equipment manufacturing, and textiles are present. 6. This resulted in the establishment of services such as banking, health care, and education. 7. In terms of total production, the service industry has overtaken manufacturing as the most significant sector, and it has begun to employ more people.

  Q) Where are Most of the People Employed? And why? And) The tertiary sector overtook the primary sector as India's largest producing sector in 2013-14. The tertiary sector in India has been increasingly important for the following reasons: 1. Hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, municipal corporations, defense, transportation, banks, insurance businesses, and other services are considered vital for everyone. 2. Agriculture and industry expansion lead to the expansion of services such as transportation, commerce, and storage. 3. As people's incomes rise, they expect more luxuries like dining out, tourism, shopping, private hospitals, private schools, professional training, and so on. 4. During the recent decade, several new information and communication technology-based services have become increasingly important and indispensable.

  Q) How to Create More Employment? And) People can find work by locating industries and services in semi-rural areas and identifying, advertising, and locating them. Every state or region has the potential to boost its residents' income and job opportunities. Tourism, regional craft industries, and emerging services like IT can all help. According to NITI Aayog, research undertaken by the Planning Commission, approximately 20 lakh employments can be produced in the education sector alone. In 2005, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted by the central government of India to implement the Right to Work in about 625 districts across the country.